Demographics
How does demographics affect economic growth, the reallocation of the model of production, the labour market and productivity?
![Paso de peatones. Photo by Jacek Dylag on Unsplash](/sites/default/files/styles/cabecera_collections/public/content/image/2024/03/21/34529/desigualdad-jacek-dylag-pmxt0xtq-a-unsplash.jpg?itok=pHYviSUU)
![Mujer de perfil sobre fondo con símbolo de tarjeta de crédito](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/content/image/2021/05/11/34529/im05-21_02.jpg?itok=oQkEYW0S)
The transition to e-commerce during the pandemic: everyone in equal measure?
13 May 2021
![Portada del IM05 2021](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/content/image/2021/05/11/34529/im05-21_01.jpg?itok=ynyymHDV)
The consumption of each generation in normal times... and in times of pandemic
13 May 2021
![Joven y anciano de espaldas subiendo juntos unas escaleras](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/content/image/2020/10/08/34529/demografia-joven-y-anciano.jpg?itok=7jeK5iP1)
Workplace pension schemes: an option that is taking hold
8 Oct 2020
![publicaciones-documentos-de-trabajo.jpg](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/content/image/2021/05/03/34455/publicaciones-documentos-de-trabajo.jpg?itok=KJQaX-iu)
El impacto del envejecimiento en el crecimiento económico de España: un enfoque regional
1 Oct 2020
![im04-20_d4_02_ing.png im04-20_d4_02_ing.png](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_imatge_importada/public/content/image/2020/04/im04-20_d4_02_ing.png?itok=u17xZ0mi)
Policies to counteract the impact of ageing in Spain
17 Apr 2020
![im04-20_d1_02_en.png im04-20_d1_02_en.png](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_imatge_importada/public/content/image/2020/04/im04-20_d1_02_en.png?itok=Hbg0kGYy)
Ageing in Spain and Portugal and its impact on economic growth: a regional approach
Several authors
17 Apr 2020
![im04-20_d3_01_en.png im04-20_d3_01_en.png](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_imatge_importada/public/content/image/2020/04/im04-20_d3_01_en.png?itok=JLYKnH64)
The impact of ageing on the labour force and productivity: six of one, half a dozen of the other
Several authors
16 Apr 2020
![im04-20_d2_01_en.png im04-20_d2_01_en.png](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_imatge_importada/public/content/image/2020/04/im04-20_d2_01_en.png?itok=6OeMtCjb)
The impact of ageing on economic growth in Spain and Portugal
Several authors
16 Apr 2020
![im02-20_mf_f3_01_en.png im02-20_mf_f3_01_en.png](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_imatge_importada/public/content/image/2020/02/im02-20_mf_f3_01_en.png?itok=ylioZG0q)
The return of immigration to Spain
11 Feb 2020
![im_1909_f6_01_en.png im_1909_f6_01_en.png](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_imatge_importada/public/content/image/2019/09/im_1909_f6_01_en.png?itok=VD8SrbBc)
What is the current state of Portugal’s demographics?
17 Sep 2019
![im_1909_dossier_4-1_en.png im_1909_dossier_4-1_en.png](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_imatge_importada/public/content/image/2019/09/im_1909_dossier_4-1_en.png?itok=nB80ep3I)
The emergence of the middle class: an emerging-country phenomenon
16 Sep 2019
![middle-class-2](/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/content/image/2019/12/17/34411/clase-media-2_0.jpg?itok=p9Y1XCgN)
The middle class, experiencing ever-increasing difficulties?
16 Sep 2019